… This equation is valid at any point along the chain except at chain ends where the tension
v(m)=dz(m)/dm vanishes (v(0)=v(N)=0). Eq. (2.16) together with the boundary conditions is …

This paper presents a simple discrete-time model for valuing options. The fundamental
economic principles of option pricing by arbitrage methods are particularly clear in this setting. Its …

This article derives underlying asset risk‐neutral probability distributions of European
options on the S&P 500 index. Nonparametric methods are used to choose probabilities that …

Polymer networks are complex systems consisting of molecular components. Whereas the
properties of the individual components are typically well understood by most chemists, …

Initially described in 1989 as interferon-γ (IFN-γ) inducing factor (IGIF), interleukin-18 (IL-18)
is a novel proinflammatory cytokine that is clearly more than an inducer of IFN-γ The …

This article develops a new method for inferring risk‐neutral probabilities (or state‐contingent
prices) from the simultaneously observed prices of European options. These probabilities …

The administration of leptin 1 to leptin-deficient humans, and the analogous Lep ob /Lep ob
mice, effectively reduces hyperphagia and obesity 2 , 3 . But common obesity is associated …

Large text-to-image models achieved a remarkable leap in the evolution of AI, enabling high-quality
and diverse synthesis of images from a given text prompt. However, these models …

This is a polymer physics textbook for upper level undergraduates and first year graduate
students. Any student with a working knowledge of calculus, physics and chemistry should be …

… if heterogeneous investor beliefs can be meaningfully aggregated; see Rubinstein (1976)…
RUBINSTEIN, M. "A Comparative Statics Analysis of Risk Premiums," Essay 2 in Four Essays …